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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of those products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the useful content unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.